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基于目前钒基固溶体贮氢合金研究现状,介绍了钒氢反应原理,对钒基贮氢合金理论计算、合金制备及性能改善等方面的研究进行了总结,并对合金成本等问题进行了讨论。钒基体心立方结构固溶体贮氢合金具有高容量、氢化反应条件温和、抗粉化性能好,动力学性能优越等特点。尤其作为燃料电池用贮氢罐的候选材料,具有很好的开发应用前景。钒从吸氢至完全饱和的整个过程,结构在发生变化:BCC(α)→BCT(β)→FCC(γ)。利用材料计算方法对合金热力学、晶格参数、电子原子比等方面进行理论计算,能够为实验研究提供理论指导。通过一种或多种元素添加或替代和热处理能够显著改善钒基固溶体贮氢合金的贮氢性能,但在高吸氢容量的前提下保证合金能够在适中条件下释放大部分氢仍是该系合金开发的关键之一。高纯钒价格昂贵,在不显著减小最大容量的基础上有效降低钒基贮氢合金的成本是该合金研究的另外一个关键点。
Based on the current research status of vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys, the vanadium hydrogen reaction principle is introduced. The theoretical calculations, preparation and properties improvement of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys are summarized. The problems of alloy cost are also discussed. Vanadium matrix cubic solid solution hydrogen storage alloy with high capacity, mild hydrogenation reaction conditions, good anti-chalking performance, superior kinetic properties and so on. Especially as fuel cell hydrogen storage tank candidate material, has a good prospect of development and application. The structure of vanadium changes from hydrogen uptake to complete saturation throughout the process: BCC (α) → BCT (β) → FCC (γ). Using material calculation method to calculate the thermodynamics, lattice parameters and electron atomic ratio of the alloy theoretically can provide theoretical guidance for the experimental research. The hydrogen storage capacity of the vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloy can be significantly improved by the addition or substitution of one or more elements and the heat treatment, but it is still possible to ensure that the alloy can release most of the hydrogen under moderate hydrogen absorption capacity under high hydrogen absorption capacity One of the keys to alloy development. High-purity vanadium is an expensive alternative to effectively reduce the cost of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys without significantly reducing their maximum capacity.