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我们知道形容词的两个基本句法功能就是作定语和表语。但英语中有些形容词却只能(或总)是用作表语,而不用作定语。这类形容词,我们称之为“表语形容词”(predicative adjectives)。这类形容词的作用是说明主语所处的暂时状态,并不具有一般形容词的那种描绘特性。这类形容词有以下几种:1.很多以 a-开头的形容词,例如 asleep,afraid,awake,alone,aware,alive,ablaze 等。这类形容词之所以不能作定语用,是因为在历史上,形容词中的 a-原为介词,作 in(在……在之中)解,所以,其实质上是一个介词短语,当然不能作前置定语。例如:
We know that the two basic syntactical functions of adjectives are attributives and idioms. However, some adjectives in English can only (or always) be used as a form of expression, not as attributive. This type of adjective, we call it “predicative adjectives.” The role of such adjectives is to describe the temporary state in which the subject is and not to have the trait of general adjectives. Such adjectives are the following: 1. A lot of adjectives that start with a-, such as asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, etc. The reason why such adjectives can not be used attributively is that historically, a- in adjectives was originally a preposition and was in (in) the solution, so that it is essentially a prepositional phrase, which of course can not be used Prepositions. E.g: