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新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重者可造成新生儿神经系统永久性损伤,尽管已采用亚低温、高压氧、神经营养药物等治疗措施,但这些治疗手段对重度损伤的神经细胞疗效甚差。而神经干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能,不管是外源性移植还是诱导自身神经干细胞增殖分化对神经损伤均有修复作用,这为临床治疗神经系统退行性疾病带来了新的生机,同时也为治疗新生儿HIBD带来了新的希望,但远期疗效仍然难以评估。现就神经干细胞(neural stem cell,NSCs)在体内的变化特点、内源性和外源性NSCs对HIBD的治疗效应以及NSCs在HIBD治疗中存在问题做一综述,以加深人们对NSCs治疗HIBD的认识。
The incidence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is increasing year by year, in severe cases can cause permanent damage to the neonatal nervous system, despite the use of mild hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen, neurotrophic drugs And other treatment measures, but these treatments are very poor effect on the nerve cells of severe damage. Neural stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Both exogenous transplantation and induction of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells can repair nerve injury, which brings new vitality to the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It also brings new hope for the treatment of neonatal HIBD, but the long-term efficacy is still difficult to assess. The characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo, the therapeutic effect of endogenous and exogenous NSCs on HIBD, and the existing problems of NSCs in the treatment of HIBD are reviewed in order to deepen the understanding of the therapeutic effect of NSCs on HIBD understanding.