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目的了解藏族地区小学生卫生行为现状以及重要他人对其的影响,为改善藏区小学生卫生行为提供科学依据。方法借鉴综合行为理论的感知规范维度设计问卷,对分层随机整群抽取阿坝州马尔康市6所小学的714名学生进行问卷调查。结果小学生喝生水比例为89.6%,餐前不洗手的比例为69.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,同伴在他人期望、遵从动机、示范性规范3个方面对小学生卫生行为影响均有统计学意义(对于喝生水与吃东西前洗手,OR值分别为2.356,0.522;2.854,0.595;0.343,0.536,P值均<0.05);家长在示范性规范方面对小学生卫生行为影响有统计学意义(OR值分别为0.252,0.232,P值均<0.05);教师仅在遵从动机方面对小学生喝生水行为影响有统计学意义(OR=5.005,P<0.05)。结论藏区小学生卫生行为状况较差,家长、教师、同伴对小学生卫生行为有重要影响;应当充分利用重要他人的影响力,促进小学生卫生行为的改善。
Objective To understand the status quo of primary school students ’health behavior in Tibetan areas and the influence of other important people, and to provide a scientific basis for improving primary school students’ hygiene behavior in Tibetan areas. Methods Based on the questionnaire survey of the dimensions of perceived norms of the comprehensive behavioral theory, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 714 students from 6 primary schools in the Malcolm city in Aba prefecture. Results The proportion of pupils drinking raw water was 89.6%, and the percentage of non-hand washing meals was 69.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the companion had statistically significant influence on the hygiene behavior of primary school students in terms of expectation of others, motivation compliance and model norm (OR = 2.356,0.522, P <0.05). Parents had statistically significant influence on the health behaviors of primary school students in the normative norms (OR = 0.252,0.232, P <0.05 respectively) Motivation had significant effects on pupils’ drinking of raw water (OR = 5.005, P <0.05). Conclusion Primary school students in Tibetan areas have poor health behaviors. Parents, teachers and companions have an important influence on primary school students ’health behaviors. They should make full use of the influence of important others to promote the improvement of primary school students’ health behaviors.