一、从新民主主义到社会主义的转变(一)新民主主义制度在全国的建立与国民经济的恢复中华人民共和国的成立,使中国从半殖民地半封建社会进入了新民主主义社会。新民主主义社会存在着五种经济成分:在没收官僚资本的基础上组成的社会主义性质的国营经济,掌握了国民经济的命脉,是新民主主义经济的领导成分和实现由新民主主义向社会主义转变的经济保证,是新民主主义国家支持和发展的重点;分散与个体的农业和手工业将长期存在,必须谨慎地逐步地而又积极地引导它们向着现代化和集体化方向发展;中国的私人资本主义工业,占现代工业中的第二位,是一个不可忽视的力量,由于中国经济落后,革命胜利后一个相当长的时期内还要尽可能利用城乡私人资本主义的积极性,但不能任其 I. The Transition from New Democracy to Socialism 1. The Establishment of the New Democratic System in the Country and the Rehabilitation of the National Economy The establishment of the People’s Republic of China has enabled China to enter the new-democratic society from a semi-colonial semi-feudal society. There are five kinds of economic components in the new-democratic society: the socialist state-owned economy formed on the basis of confiscation of bureaucratic capital, mastered the lifeline of the national economy, the leading component of the new-democratic economy and the realization of the transition from the new-democratic to the social The economic guarantee of the change of doctrine is the focus of support and development for the new democracies. The agricultural and handicrafts that are fragmented and individual will exist for a long time and must be carefully and gradually and actively guided in the direction of modernization and collectivization. The private individuals in China Capitalist industry, which occupies the second place in modern industry, is a force that can not be ignored. Since China lags behind and won victory after the revolution, it also needs to make full use of the enthusiasm of urban and rural private capitalism within a fairly long period of time but can not afford to let it