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基于中国科学院海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测试验站内控水试验场的定位试验,研究了不同土壤进水量(降水和灌溉水之和)对剖面土壤水分运移的影响。结果表明:过量水分(I1)、适宜水分(I2)、干旱(I3)和自然降水(R)影响土壤剖面的深度为0~130 cm;I1处理试验期间土壤累计进水量为514 mm,土壤水分入渗的最大深度为110 cm。I3处理0~90 cm土层土壤储水量较其他处理平均减少了38 mm,说明黑土处于干旱状态时0~90 cm土层内土壤水分均能供给大豆生长需要。受土壤进水量的影响I1和R,I2和I3处理0~150 cm土层土壤储水量的季节性变化分别表现出相似的趋势。因此,水分进入土壤的频率和量是影响剖面土壤水分变异的主要因子,当土壤发生干旱时能加深土壤水分的循环深度;同时黑土具有强大的水分调节能力,对于调节季节性干旱具有重要作用。
Based on the positioning test of the internal control water test site of the National Field Science Observatory in Helen Field, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the effects of influx of different soil (sum of precipitation and irrigation water) on soil water transport in the section were studied. The results showed that the depth of soil profile affected by excessive water (I1), suitable water (I2), drought (I3) and natural rainfall (R) was 0 ~ 130 cm. The accumulated influent of soil during I1 treatment was 514 mm, The maximum depth of infiltration is 110 cm. Soil water content of 0 ~ 90 cm soil layer in I3 treatment decreased by 38 mm on average compared with other treatments, indicating that soil moisture in 0 ~ 90 cm soil layer can supply soybean growth in the arid state. Affected by the influx of soil, the seasonal changes of soil water storage in 0 ~ 150 cm soil layers treated by I1, R, I2 and I3 showed similar trends. Therefore, the frequency and amount of water entering the soil are the main factors affecting soil moisture variation in the profile. When the soil is dry, it can deepen the circulation depth of soil moisture. At the same time, the black soil has strong water regulation ability, which plays an important role in regulating seasonal drought.