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康德实体观的直接来源是贝克莱、洛克和休谟。贝克莱的实体观念基于存在的可感知性,是一种否定物质实在性的感觉论实体观。洛克的则基于物质赋予心灵感觉的附属性质,是一种肯定物质实在性却又不可知的实体观。康德继承了贝克莱和洛克,在对传统形而上学实体概念进行批判的基础上提出了基于“现象”和“先验感性直观”属性的实体观,而休谟怀疑实体的可知性使康德必须从在本体和现象两个层面来探讨实体的可知性问题。先验感性直观在很大程度上变革了当时的自然科学实体模型观念,而康德的实体论超越了自莱布尼茨与牛顿关于实体的论战以来哲学和自然科学的非稳态实体观念。康德在实体的形而上学层面对“现象”与“自在之物”的划分以及在认识论上设置“先验感性直观”的条件最终使依赖模型实体观得以形成。
The direct sources of Kant’s concept of reality are Berkeley, Locke, and Hume. Berkeley’s concept of entity is based on the existence of perceived, is a kind of negative perception of material reality sensory view. Locke, on the other hand, is based on the subordinate nature of material empowerment of the soul and is an entity view of affirming material reality but unknown. Kant inherited Berkeley and Locke. On the basis of criticizing the concept of traditional metaphysical entity, Kant put forward the concept of entity based on “Phenomenon ” and “Transcendental Perceptual Intuition ” attribute. Hume suspects that the corpus of Kant The question of the ignorance of the entity must be explored from both ontology and phenomena. The transcendental sensory intuition transformed the conceptions of physical science at that time to a great extent. However, Kant’s substantivism surpassed the notion of unsteady entities in philosophy and natural science since Leibniz and Newton’s polemics about the entity. Kant’s condition of “phenomenal” and “freestanding” in the metaphysical level of entity as well as the condition that “epistemic sensibility intuition” is set in epistemology ultimately leads to the formation of dependency model entity.