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中国在死刑案件中形成了“集中式”权威结构。对于这种依赖司法高层权威核准死刑的体制存在诸多质疑,同时这种权威结构造成了第一审重心地位的失落,也将死刑固有的责难和错判风险集于一身,是一种高风险的权威结构。未来中国应重定死刑案件第二审和死刑复核程序的功能,以保护第一审程序的重心地位,实现垂直方向上的权威分化;同时,加强被告人对质权的法律保护,保证关键证人出庭作证;强化死刑案件陪审功能,实现水平方向上的权威分化。
China formed a “centralized” authority structure in the death penalty cases. There are many doubts about this system that relies on the judicial high-level authority to approve the death penalty. At the same time, this kind of authority structure has caused the loss of the first instance center of gravity. It also combines the inherent censure and wrong judgment risk of death penalty. It is a high-risk Authority structure. In the future, China should re-define the second instance of the death penalty case and the function of reviewing the death penalty in order to protect the center of gravity of the first instance procedure and realize the vertical separation of authority. At the same time, the defendant should strengthen the legal protection of the pledge and ensure that key witnesses appear in court to testify ; Strengthening the jury function in death penalty cases and realizing the differentiation of authority in the horizontal direction.