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【目的】探讨父母养育方式、家庭亲密度及适应性与儿童青少年焦虑性障碍的关系,为儿童焦虑性障碍的预防及治疗提供参考依据。【方法】采用二阶段流行病学的方法选出焦虑障碍儿童110人,并从诊断阴性的儿童中随机抽取113人作对照,两组3年级以上的儿童分别填写父母养育方式量表及家庭亲密度及适应性量表,共回收父母养育方式量表197份,家庭亲密度及适应性量表187份。【结果】1)父母养育方式量表中的“父亲惩罚、父亲拒绝、父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝”4个因子得分,焦虑性障碍组儿童高于对照组儿童,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);2)焦虑障碍组与对照组儿童家庭亲密度及适应性得分差异无统计学意义,各分量表因子分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】家庭环境因素中父母教养方式对儿童青少年焦虑障碍存在一定的影响,暂未发现家庭亲密度及适应性对焦虑障碍患儿产生影响。
【Objective】 To explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns, family cohesion and adaptability and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders in children. 【Method】 Two-stage epidemiological methods were used to select 110 children with anxiety disorders and 113 children were randomly selected from the diagnosis-negative children as controls. Two groups of children above grade 3 were enrolled in the Parental Rearing Inventory and Family Intimacy Degree and Adaptability Scale. A total of 197 parental rearing methods, 187 family intimacy and adaptive scales were collected. 【Results】 1) In the scale of parental rearing, there were 4 scores of “father punishment, father rejecting, father overprotection, mother rejecting”, children in anxiety disorder group were higher than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or 0.01). 2) There was no significant difference in family cohesion and fitness scores between children with anxiety disorder and control group. There was no significant difference in scores among all subscales (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Parental rearing patterns in family environment have some effect on anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. However, family intimacy and adaptability have not yet been found to affect children with anxiety disorder.