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晚清中国社会存在多种宗教及民间信仰,均通过各种不同的渠道和方式产生社会影响,发挥社会作用,政府一般采取不多干预的政策。戊戌变法时期,庙产兴学运动兴起,后在张之洞《劝学篇》的提倡下得到一定发展。及至清末新政,清政府下令制定新的学制,无论是张百熙制定《钦定学堂章程》,还是1904年颁布《奏订学堂章程》,都有庙产兴学的相关规定。庙产兴学的过程伴随着清政府加强对社会控制的过程,打破了旧有的社会权力结构,引发若干社会问题,僧俗矛盾激增,地方民变毁学不断,严重影响了社会稳定性。1905年,清政府发布保护庙产的上谕,庙产兴学运动在官方层面上告一段落。
In the late Qing Dynasty, there were many religions and folk beliefs in Chinese society. All of them produced social influence through various channels and ways and played a social role. The government generally adopted a policy of little intervention. During the period of Reform Movement of 1898, the rise of Miao industry and Xing learning movement got some development after promoted by Zhang Zhidong ’s “Enlightenment Study”. Until the late Qing Dynasty’s new government, the Qing government ordered the formulation of a new academic system. Whether it was Zhang Bai-sheng’s formulation of the “Constitution of the King’s School,” or the promulgation of the “Statute of Entrusted Schools” in 1904, all the relevant provisions of the Confucian School were found. With the Qing government strengthening the process of social control, the temple property broke the old social power structure and triggered a number of social problems. The monk and the populace contradictions surged, local civil commotion and school deteriorating, and seriously affected the social stability. In 1905, the Qing government issued a letter to protect the temple property, temple industry Xing learning campaign came to an end on the official level.