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目的了解成都市龙泉驿区7~15岁儿童青少年超重肥胖情况以及肉类、脂肪和脂肪酸摄入现状,并初步探讨两者间的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样法,选取成都市龙泉驿区1 811名7~15岁儿童青少年为研究对象,采用问卷调查和现场测量分别收集膳食和体格数据并计算体质量指数(BMI)、BMI标准差评分(BMI SDS)、腰围/身高比值(WHtR)、超重率和肥胖率,通过秩和检验和卡方检验比较正常体质量、超重肥胖儿童肉类、脂肪、脂肪酸摄入情况的差异以及不同年龄段儿童肉类、脂肪、脂肪酸低、中、高摄入量组间超重率、肥胖率、BMI SDS及WHtR的差异。结果成都市龙泉驿区7~15岁儿童青少年超重率为10.34%,肥胖率为6.59%。男生超重率(12.05%)与超重肥胖合并率(18.97%)均高于女生(8.55%,14.80%)(P<0.05)。总肉类、红肉、白肉及脂肪供能比摄入情况均为女生高于男生,总肉类、红肉、白肉、饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量随年龄增长而增加(P<0.05)。女生中,超重肥胖组平均每日脂肪供能比、饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量高于体质量正常组;BMI SDS与WHtR均随脂肪供能比增加而升高,BMI SDS在平均每日单不饱和脂肪酸高摄入量组中最高(P<0.05)。结论红肉、脂肪供能比、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量可能与儿童青少年超重肥胖相关,性别差异有待进一步研究。
Objective To understand the status of overweight and obesity among children aged 7-15 years and the intake of meat, fat and fatty acids in Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, and to explore the relationship between them. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1811 adolescents aged 7-15 years in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City. The questionnaires and field measurements were used to collect dietary and physical data and calculate body mass index (BMI), BMI standard BMI SDS, WHtR, overweight rate and obesity rate were compared by rank sum test and chi-square test to compare the differences of meat, fat and fatty acid intake between normal weight and overweight children The difference of overweight rate, obesity rate, BMI SDS and WHtR between children in low, middle, high intake of meat, fat, fatty acids in the age group. Results In Chengdu Longquanyi District, the overweight rate of children and adolescents aged 7-15 years was 10.34% and the obesity rate was 6.59%. The overweight rate of boys (12.05%) and overweight and obesity (18.97%) were higher than that of girls (8.55%, 14.80%) (P <0.05). The intake of total meat, red meat, white meat and fat was higher in girls than in boys. The intake of total meat, red meat, white meat, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids increased with age (P < 0.05). In girls, the average daily fat to energy ratio, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid intake in overweight and obesity group were higher than those in normal body weight group; BMI SDS and WHtR both increased with the increase of fat energy supply, The highest daily monounsaturated fatty acid intake group (P <0.05). Conclusion Red meat, fat to energy ratio, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids intake may be related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, sex differences to be further studied.