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目的探索不同膳食模式与超重、高血压、空腹血糖异常、血脂异常的关系。方法对济南市909名20~60岁女性进行体格、实验室检查及膳食调查,利用因子分析法构建膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与各疾病的关系。结果因子分析结果得出海鲜蔬菜、脂类、精谷肉类和水果蛋类4种膳食模式。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,控制混杂因素后,水果蛋类模式对超重、高血压有保护作用(最高四分位数相对于最低四分位数的比值,即Q4∶Q1的OR值分别为0.05和0.43,P<0.01),脂类模式是空腹血糖异常、血脂异常的危险因素(Q4∶Q1的OR值分别为2.84和4.35,P<0.01),精谷肉类模式是超重、高血压、空腹血糖异常、血脂异常的危险因素(Q4∶Q1的OR值分别为5.93、2.28、2.41和6.03,P<0.01)。结论膳食模式与慢性非传染性疾病密切相关,减少畜禽肉类摄入、增加蔬菜水果的摄入、用全谷类代替精制谷类,对预防慢性非传染性疾病有重要意义。
Objective To explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and overweight, hypertension, impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia. Methods Physical, laboratory and dietary surveys were performed in 909 women aged 20-60 years in Jinan. The dietary patterns were established by factor analysis and the relationship between different dietary patterns and various diseases was analyzed. Results The results of factor analysis resulted in four kinds of dietary patterns of seafood vegetables, lipids, fine grain meat and fruit and egg. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the control of confounding factors had a protective effect on overweight and hypertension (the ratio of the highest quartile to the lowest quartile, that is, the OR of Q4:Q1 was 0.05 And 0.43, P <0.01). The lipid pattern was a risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia (OR = 2.84 and 4.35, respectively, P <0.01 for Q4:Q1) Fasting blood glucose abnormalities, risk factors for dyslipidemia (Q4: Q1 OR were 5.93,2.28,2.41 and 6.03, P <0.01). Conclusion Dietary patterns are closely related to chronic non-communicable diseases, reducing the intake of livestock and poultry meat, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables, and replacing cereals with whole grains for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.