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在直接言语行为的研究中,塞尔提出了充分完成指称的两个必要条件:存在原则和识别原则。通过类比间接言语行为的主要施事行为和次要施事行为,塞尔把我们指称一个对象时用专名、限定摹状词等所表征的说话者意向内容区别为主要方面和次要方面,认为只有主要方面才对表述的真值起作用。塞尔还引入可能世界的概念讨论说话者意向对象的存在问题,这有很大的积极意义;但他却没有充分关注语境的重要性,因而没有给出听话者如何正确辩认说话者的意向性的客观条件。
In the study of direct speech act, Searle proposed two necessary conditions for fully completing the allegation: the principle of existence and the principle of identification. Through the main act of acting analogously to indirect speech acts and the minor act of acting, Searle distinguishes the speaker’s intention represented by proper names, restricted descriptions and other aspects as the main and minor aspects when we refer to an object, Only the main aspects are considered to work for the true value of the expression. It is of great positive significance to introduce the concept of possible world to discuss the existence of the speaker’s intentional object. However, he does not pay enough attention to the importance of context, so he does not give how the speaker correctly identifies the speaker Intentional objective conditions.