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工具理性批判使现代性批判理论陷入困境,并造成了主体的严重异化,使现代主体的总体性陷入失落的境地,因为现代性批判理论用来批判的规范基础总是那种已被现代意识超越的形而上学或宗教的实体理性观,这种理性观是对以主体性哲学为基础的现代性的反思,既不能展示启蒙现代性理想的规范内容,也不能揭示现代性在资本主义现代化过程中的矛盾和特殊限制,更不能明确提出现代性合理潜能实现的途径。因此必须重建现代性批判理论的规范基础,由主体性哲学的工具理性基础转向以生态存在论为基础的实践交往理性基础。只有建立在生态存在论“实践”基础上的交往行为理论,才能既可以超越先验理性和超验理性的证明模式,又可以摆脱工具理性批判的理论困境,从而能够为现代性理想的兑现提供合理的理性基础。只有根据现代哲学和社会科学的发展,重建现代性批判理论的规范基础,将其建立在以生态存在论为基础的实践交往理性的基础上,从主体哲学走向主体间性哲学,从工具理性批判走向交往理性,从意识哲学转向存在论语言哲学,才能超越现代人们长期墨守着的黑格尔的理性概念,才能使现代批判理论走出困境,才能使现代主体的总体性得到真正的救赎而摆脱失落的境地。
Criticism of tools makes the theory of critique of modernity fall into difficulties and causes serious alienation of the subject and the generality of the modern subject into a lost position because the normative basis for critique of modernity is always beyond the modern consciousness Metaphysical or religious, which is a reflection on the modernity based on the subjective philosophy, which can neither reveal the normative content of the enlightenment ideal of modernity nor reveal the modernity in the process of capitalist modernization Contradictions and special restrictions, but can not clearly put forward the way to achieve the rational potential of modernity. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild the normative foundation of the critique of modernity and turn from the instrumental rationality of subjectivity philosophy to the rationality of practice engagement based on ecological ontology. Only the communicative action theory based on ecological existentialism “practice ” can not only transcend the proof model of transcendental and transcendental rationality, but also get rid of the theoretical predicament of instrumental rational criticism, Cashing to provide a reasonable basis for rationality. Only based on the development of modern philosophy and social science, it reconstructs the normative foundation of modern critical theory, based on the ecological rationality of practice based on ecological ontology, from subject philosophy to intersubjectivity philosophy and from instrumental rationality To the communicative rationality, from the philosophy of consciousness to the philosophy of existentialism, can He surmount the rational concept of Hegel who has long held on to the modern people, so that the modern critical theory can get out of the predicament and get the true salvation of the modern subject and get rid of it The situation.