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人类面临可能发生的流感大流行威胁主要来自H5N1病毒引起的高致病性禽流感。但H5N1病毒要引起人间的大流行,必须经过禽间大流行、禽类传染给人类、人间大流行几个阶段。正如WHO提出的关于判断一种传染病大流行是否能够来临的四项标准:一是人类对该病毒没有免疫力;二是该病毒很容易从动物的身上传到人的身上;三是该病毒对人有致命性;四是该病毒可以形成有效的人与人之间的传播。目前,事实证明,H5N1病毒不仅可以从禽的身上传到人的身上,而且可以致人于死地,但还没有形成得到证实的有效的人与人之间的传播。对于已经出现的病原体,要努力控制其发生传播。鉴于H5N1病毒前所未有的传播,科学界认为,重点不是集中于对新的病原体出现的初级预防,而是侧重于二级预防,如建立早期监测的报告网络,提高公共卫生水平和兽医基础设施建设,以改善国际对新发生爆发的反应能力。本文系由英国皇家防止虐待动物协会(RSPCA)提供,比较系统、全面地介绍了关于禽流感发生与传播的历史和一些最新的研究进展。原文为英文,现结合我国的具体情况加以编译,供我国有关方面参考。如果您有兴趣和RSPCA方面的专家探讨有关禽流感的问题,请发电子邮件至publisher@zgdwbj.com,我们会尽快协助。
Humans are at risk of possible influenza pandemic mainly from the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus caused by the H5N1 virus. However, the H5N1 virus causes the human pandemic. It must go through several phases of the pandemic of poultry and the spread of poultry to humans and human pandemic. Just as the WHO proposed four criteria for judging whether a pandemic will come: one is that human beings are not immune to the virus; the other is that the virus is easily transmitted from animals to humans; thirdly, the virus Deadly to humans; Fourth, the virus can form an effective human-to-human transmission. At present, it has been proved that H5N1 virus can not only be transmitted from the bird to the human body, but also can cause death, but it has not yet formed a validated validated human-to-human transmission. For pathogens that have emerged, efforts should be made to control their spread. In view of the unprecedented spread of H5N1 virus, the scientific community believes that the focus is not on primary prevention of emergence of new pathogens but on secondary prevention such as establishing early monitoring reporting networks, improving public health and veterinary infrastructure, In order to improve the international response to the new outbreak. This article is provided by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and systematically and comprehensively introduces the history and some recent research advances on the occurrence and spread of bird flu. The original text is in English and is compiled according to the specific conditions of our country for reference by relevant parties in our country. If you are interested in discussing issues related to bird flu with RSPCA experts, please email publisher@zgdwbj.com and we will assist you as soon as possible.