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在重庆市巫溪和城口2县,采用田间试验研究了相同施肥量下马铃薯不同生育期氮磷钾肥分配比例的产量和品质效应。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,以分期施氮钾、分期施氮磷钾各处理均提高马铃薯块茎产量,巫溪试验点提高2.5%～5.6%,以分期施氮磷钾3效果最好;城口试验点提高1.4%～19.7%,以分期施氮钾2作用最大。分期施肥各处理都提高了马铃薯维生素C含量,巫溪试验点增加13.0%～28.6%,城口试验点增加7.4%～32.6%。各处理降低块茎淀粉、粗蛋白和磷含量,巫溪试验点降低分别为8.8%～15.6%,1.3%～16.5%和1.1%～24.6%;城口试验点分别降低2.9%～7.6%,6.3%～32.6%和7.3%～29.3%。分期施肥对马铃薯可溶性糖和块茎中钾含量的影响,2个试验点表现不一致。从总体上看,对马铃薯进行分期施肥能明显提高薯块产量和改善部分营养品质。
In the two counties of Wuxi and Chengkou in Chongqing, field experiments were conducted to study the yield and quality effects of NPK allocation in different growth stages of potato under the same fertilization rate. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, the yield of potato tubers increased by 2.5% -5.6% in stages of applying NPK and NPK treatments, and the best application of NPK3 was in stages. Chengkou test point increased by 1.4% to 19.7%, the role of nitrogen and potassium in stages of the role of the largest. Staged fertilization treatments increased the content of vitamin C in potatoes, increased by 13.0% -28.6% in Wuxi and by 7.4% -32.6% in Chengkou. The treatments of reducing the starch, crude protein and phosphorus content in tubers were 8.8% -15.6%, 1.3% -16.5% and 1.1% -24.6% in the treatment of Wuxi Creek, and 2.9% -7.6% in the urban mouth respectively % ~ 32.6% and 7.3% ~ 29.3%. The effects of staged fertilization on the content of potassium in potato tuber and soluble sugar were inconsistent in the two experimental sites. Overall, the phased fertilization of potato can significantly improve potato yield and improve part of the nutritional quality.