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CD1分子的抗原提呈是独立于MHCⅠ和MHCⅡ以外的途径,它在抗原的装载、胞内运输及其加工处理等方面都独具特色。不同的物种可能有也可能没有CD1基因,体内存在CD1基因的生物所包含的CD1蛋白在数量和种类上也不尽相同。CD1蛋白与MHC分子的结构非常相似,然而二者识别结合的抗原物质却在生化性质及物理结构上有本质的区别。不仅CD1分子与MHC分子抗原识别机制不同,而且CD1家族内部各分子之间在识别脂类抗原时也有区别。CD1分子的组装和胞内运输路线和MHC分子的明显不同。
Antigen presentation of CD1 molecule is independent of MHC I and MHC II pathways, it is unique in antigen loading, intracellular trafficking and processing. Different species may or may not have CD1 gene, CD1 gene in vivo organisms contain CD1 protein in the number and type are not the same. The structure of the CD1 protein is very similar to that of the MHC molecule, however, both of them recognize the bound antigenic substance in essential biochemical and physical structural differences. Not only the recognition mechanism of CD1 molecule and MHC molecule antigen is different, but also the differences among the molecules within the CD1 family in recognizing lipid antigens. The assembly of CD1 molecules and the distinct intracellular trafficking routes and MHC molecules are distinct.