物种多样性测度是（群落的）总体参数，它们常常是未知的，需要通过抽样将它们估计出来，因此，必须了解估计量的抽样性质。本文对与一些多样性测度的均值、方差的估计和假设检验以及大、小样本分布等有关的问题作了综述。可以看出大多数多样性测度的抽样性质还不清楚，有些甚至根本就没有研究过。Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ的合并样方法和刀切法是两个比较通用的方法，用它们可以解决其中的一些问题。但相比之下，刀切法更实用。 Species diversity measures, which are community parameters, are often unknown and need to be estimated by sampling. Therefore, it is important to understand the sampling nature of the estimates. In this paper, some problems related to the mean of some measures of diversity, the estimation of variance, the test of hypothesis and the distribution of large and small samples are summarized. It can be seen that the sampling nature of most diversity measures is unclear and some are not even studied at all. Pielou’s merged and knife-cut methods are two more common methods and use them to solve some of these problems. In contrast, knife and cut method is more practical.