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为了对栗苞蚜Moritziella castaneivora Miyazaki进行有效监控,控制其蔓延及制定合理的防治策略,通过林间调查及室内观察研究栗苞蚜对日本栗的为害、主要生活习性和天敌对其捕食行为。结果表明,栗苞蚜对银寄和筑波为害炸苞率分别达(7.4±6.0)%和(8.6±5.5)%;4龄若蚜的耐饥力强于成蚜,二者离开寄主20 h后可分别存活50%和13%,且1龄若蚜迁移力明显强于成蚜;栗苞蚜卵在20∶00的孵化率明显高于8∶00和14∶00。龟纹瓢虫、黑襟毛瓢虫、七星瓢虫和草蛉对栗苞蚜卵具有较强的捕食能力,龟纹瓢虫平均捕食栗苞蚜卵量约为43粒/h,平均取食1个卵为10.1 s,搜寻速率为8.5粒/min。此外,研究表明初春施用石硫合剂可有效减少虫口基数,防止当年栗苞蚜大发生。
In order to effectively monitor and control the spread of Moritziella castaneivora Miyazaki and to develop a reasonable control strategy, this paper studied the damage, main habits and predation behavior of Aphis gossypii on Japanese chestnut by forest survey and indoor observation. The results showed that the rate of frying buds of A. bilineata was (7.4 ± 6.0)% and (8.6 ± 5.5)%, respectively. The 4th instar nymphs had stronger resistance to starvation than the adult ones, And survived 50% and 13% respectively, and the migration ability of 1st instar aphid was stronger than that of adult aphid. The hatching rate of ovipositor ovipositor at 20:00 was obviously higher than that of 8:00 and 14:00. Propylaea japonica, Black-breasted ladybug, Coccinella septempunctata and Scirpus mariqueter have stronger predation ability to Larvae eggs, and the average number of eggs of Coccinella septempunctata is about 43 grains per hour, One egg was 10.1 s and the search rate was 8.5 capsules / min. In addition, studies show that the early spring application of lime sulfur mixture can effectively reduce the population base to prevent the occurrence of chestnut aphid big occurrence.