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一般而言,由于地下非均质体的存在所产生的二次波源,由它再生成新的波场,叫散射波场。目前,将散射波作为有效波来成像,已开始在溶洞和裂缝等特殊地质体的识别中得到应用。但对于野外资料采集来说,地表复杂地区,如戈壁、砾石区和山前带,大量存在的散射波却是干扰波,它们的存在会严重影响资料的品质,而其研究与实际应用国内外还很少。因此,通过正演模拟,分析散射波的基本特征,在此基础上研究散射波的去噪方法显得十分必要。本文从地震波运动学时距关系出发,研究了反射波和散射波的几何特征;然后用有限差分正演,模拟了散射波场,用理论模型研究并测试了局域双曲线Radon变换散射波去噪新方法。对于实际炮集资料,分析了F-K滤波方法压制散射噪声的局限,采用局域双曲Radon变换有效地去除了炮集中存在的散射噪声,取得了较好的应用效果。
In general, due to the existence of underground heterogeneous body generated by the secondary wave source, it is regenerated into a new wave field, called the scattering wave field. At present, the scattered wave imaging as an effective wave has begun to be used in the identification of special geological bodies such as caves and fractures. However, for the field data collection, a large number of scattered waves exist in the complex terrain such as Gobi, gravel area and piedmont zone, which are interference waves. Their existence will seriously affect the quality of the data, and their research and practical application at home and abroad Very few. Therefore, it is necessary to study the denoising method of scattered waves by analyzing the basic characteristics of scattered waves through forward modeling. In this paper, the geometric characteristics of reflected wave and scattered wave are studied based on the kinematic time-distance relation of seismic wave. Then the finite difference forward modeling is used to simulate the scattered wave field. The theoretical model is used to study and test the local hyperbolic Radon transform scattered wave denoising new method. For the actual shot data, the limitation of F-K filtering method to suppress the scattering noise is analyzed. Local hyperbolic Radon transform is used to remove the scattering noise effectively and a good application result is obtained.