高分子化合物在近代工业与日常生活方面已经起着相当重要的作用,这是众所周知的事实了。近年来尤以合成橡胶、塑料及合成纤维发展更快。高分子化合物的分子结构不同,呈现出来的物理性质也不同,并得到不同的应用,因此阐明它们之间的关系,对于生产和使用高分子化合物均具有非常重要的意义,本文即试图在这方面作一粗浅的介绍。Ⅰ.高分子化合物的分子结构高分子化合物是由单体聚合或缩合而产生的,因此有时简称高聚物,它的特点就是分子量很大,也就是说分子很大。现代有机合成工业的主要任务之一就是合成各种单体及单体的原料。高聚物每个分子内单体的个数叫做该高聚物的聚合度,因此高聚物的分子量即为聚合度与单体分子量的乘积。现在用许多方法(化学方法或物理方法)都可以证明这些单体分子在高聚物内是以链状连结起来的,分子的连结可能成线形,也可连成网形。当单体分子以线形连接时,高聚物具有线型结构,每一个高分子可以被看作一根链子,而每一个彼此连接的单体被称为这个链的一个链节,在结构上单体与链节有一定程度的不同,这是因为在聚合或缩 It is a well-known fact that macromolecular compounds have played a very important role in modern industry and daily life. In recent years, especially the development of synthetic rubber, plastics and synthetic fibers faster. Due to their different molecular structures and their different physical properties, macromolecule compounds have different applications. Therefore, to clarify the relationship between them is of great importance for the production and use of macromolecular compounds. In this paper, Make a superficial introduction. I. Molecular Structure of Polymer Compounds Polymer compounds are produced by the polymerization or condensation of monomers and are sometimes referred to as polymers for short. They are characterized by a large molecular weight, that is, a large molecule. One of the main tasks of the modern organic synthesis industry is to synthesize raw materials for various monomers and monomers. The number of monomers per molecule of a polymer is called the degree of polymerization of the polymer, so the molecular weight of the polymer is the product of the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of the monomer. Many methods (chemical or physical) are now available to prove that these monomeric molecules are linked in a chain within a polymer. The molecular links may be linear or network-like. When the monomer molecules are connected linearly, the polymers have a linear structure, each polymer can be regarded as a chain, and each monomer connected to each other is called a chain link, in the structure There is a certain degree of difference between monomer and chain because of polymerization or shrinkage