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60多年以前,人们就已经开始利用特异性抗血清治疗肺炎球菌感染。虽然血清疗法被以后青霉素等的出现而取代,但近年来,人们的兴趣又开始转向用荚膜多糖疫苗的主功免疫方法。目前已可将此类疫苗用于对肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌或流感嗜血杆菌感染具有高危性的人群。近30年来发现,由革兰氏阴性杆菌引起严重感染的发生率有明显增高,死亡率极高。虽然近年所用抗菌药物大量增加,但细菌对抗菌药物产生的耐药性却是一个问题。在受革兰氏阴性杆菌感染,并给予大量抗生
More than 60 years ago, people began to use specific antisera to treat pneumococcal infections. Although serum therapy has been replaced by the advent of penicillins and others, in recent years, people’s interest has shifted to using the main immunization method of capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Such vaccines are currently available for use in people at risk for pneumococcal, meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae infection. In the past 30 years, it has been found that the incidence of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli is significantly increased and the mortality rate is extremely high. Although a large number of antibacterials have been used in recent years, bacterial resistance to antibacterials is a problem. Infected with Gram-negative bacilli and given a large amount of antibiotic