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以杨山牡丹花蕾为试材,通过持续的采样观察和染色体制片技术,研究了花蕾大小、花药颜色及平均气温对花粉母细胞减数分裂时期的影响,并观察了杨山牡丹花粉母细胞减数分裂全过程及其花粉粒形成过程中细胞内染色体的形态变化。结果表明:温度、花蕾大小和花药颜色是影响杨山牡丹减数分裂的关键因素,当日平均气温为6.5~15.5℃、花蕾直径大小为12~16mm、花药颜色嫩黄时是杨山牡丹减数分裂的最佳观察时期。杨山牡丹花粉母细胞主要经过减数分裂期、四分体时期、小孢子早期、小孢子晚期和二核小孢子期进而形成花粉粒。该研究观察到杨山牡丹减数分裂过程中出现异常现象,即出现染色体桥、四分体。该研究为获得牡丹单一染色体提供了较好的技术支撑,为进一步从染色体水平开展分子生物学研究和遗传育种奠定了基础,并且也为其它植物获得减数分裂时期材料提供了借鉴。
Yangshan peony bud as a test material, through continuous sampling observations and chromosome preparation techniques to study the flower bud size, anther color and the average temperature on the pollen mother cell meiosis period, and observed Yangshan peony pollen mother cells The whole process of meiosis and the morphological changes of intracellular chromosomes during pollen grains formation. The results showed that temperature, flower bud size and anther color were the key factors affecting the meiosis of Populus euphratica. The average daily temperature was 6.5-15.5 ℃, the diameter of flower buds was 12-16 mm, The best observation period. Yangshan peony pollen mother cells mainly through meiosis, tetrad period, early microspore, microspore late and the second nuclear microsporogenesis and then form pollen grains. The study observed Yangshan peony during meiosis anomalies, that is, chromosome bridge, tetrad. The study provided a good technical support for obtaining single chromosomes of peony, laid the foundation for further molecular biology research and genetic breeding at chromosome level and also provided references for other plants to obtain meiotic materials.