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为探索近年河南省小麦产量及主要农艺性状的演变规律,为河南省小麦育种和生产提供借鉴,利用2005~2012年河南省小麦冬水组区域试验数据,对新审定的品种产量及主要农艺性状进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:小麦平均产量呈逐年递增趋势,平均每年提高40.529kg/hm2。千粒重年增长0.7703g,其他主要农艺性状均呈上升趋势,但穗数和穗粒数呈下降趋势。新品种平均产量和最高产量均比对照增产幅度呈逐年下降趋势。主要农艺性状与产量的相关程度为:穗数>千粒重>生育期>穗粒数>株高;3个产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数均为正值,顺序为穗数>千粒重>穗粒数。近年来河南省小麦产量水平稳步提高,各因素得到很好的协调发展。根据分析结果结合河南省生态及种植条件,小麦育种和高产栽培应采取在大群体的基础上,主攻千粒重,将大群体与大穗相结合,同时注意三要素的协调发展。
In order to explore the evolution of wheat yield and major agronomic traits in Henan Province in recent years, provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Henan Province. Based on the regional trial data of wheat winter-water group in Henan Province from 2005 to 2012, the yield and main agronomic traits Conduct correlation analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the average yield of wheat showed an increasing trend year by year, with an average annual increase of 40.529kg / hm2. The annual grain weight increased by 0.7703g, the other agronomic traits all showed an upward trend, but the number of spikes and grains per spike declined. The average yield and the highest yield of new varieties showed a decreasing trend year by year as compared with the control. The main agronomic traits related to yield were as follows: spike number> 1000-grain weight> growth period> number of spikelets> plant height. The direct path coefficients of three yield components to yield were all positive with the order of spikes> 1000-grain weight> Spike Number of grains. In recent years, the level of wheat production in Henan Province has been steadily improved, and all factors have been well coordinated. According to the results of the analysis combined with the ecological and planting conditions in Henan Province, wheat breeding and high-yielding cultivation should be based on the large population, the main focus of 1000-grain weight, large groups and large spike combination, while paying attention to the coordinated development of the three elements.