“以意逆志”、“知人论世”是中国古代文论中影响深远的一个命题,它与发轫于二十世纪中叶的西方文论接受美学有着极大相似之处的同时,二者的差异也是显而易见的。本文尝试对二者作对比研究,以期古为今用,让传统文论在今天依然有效发挥其指导作用。 “Intention to retrograde ”, “knowledge of man on the world ” is a far-reaching proposition in ancient Chinese literary theory, which is very similar to the Western aesthetics of reception of aesthetics in the middle of the twentieth century The difference between the two is also obvious. This article attempts to make a comparative study of the two, with a view to using the ancient as the present, so that the traditional literary theory can still effectively play its guiding role today.