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20世纪上半期尤其是二三十年代,马克思主义学者在马克思主义传播、中国社会性质论战、中国农村社会性质论战以及农村社会经济的调查研究中,对中国农村经济进行了比较全面的研究。他们坚持以生产关系为主要研究对象,强调阶级分析方法,与非马克思主义学者以及虽然标榜信仰马克思主义但对中共革命道路并不认同的学者进行论争,认为中国农村经济的现状是半殖民地半封建经济、农民处于贫困化状态、土地分配集中、地主剥削农民、小农经济仍占绝对优势;主张中国必须走反帝反封建之路,实行土地革命,建立集体化农村经济。以上研究和看法,对阐释、传播中共革命理论以及马克思主义经济学的中国化作出了重要贡献,体现了马克思主义理论解释社会、改造社会、为革命服务的力量。
In the first half of the 20th century, especially in the 1920s and 1930s, Marxist scholars conducted a comparatively comprehensive study of China’s rural economy in the dissemination of Marxism, the debate over the nature of Chinese society, the debate on the nature of rural society in China, and the social and economic studies in rural areas. They insisted on the relations of production as the main research object, emphasizing the methods of class analysis, arguing with non-Marxist scholars and scholars who claimed to believe in Marxism but did not agree with the CCP’s revolutionary path. They believed that the current situation of rural economy in China was semi-colonial and semi-feudal economy , The peasants are in a state of poverty, the distribution of land is concentrated, the landlords exploit peasants and the peasant economy still has an absolute advantage. It is argued that China must take the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal path, carry out the agrarian revolution and establish a collectivized rural economy. The above research and opinions have made important contributions to the interpretation and dissemination of the CPC’s revolutionary theory and the localization of Marxist economics in China, and have demonstrated the strength of Marxist theory in explaining society, reforming society and serving the revolution.