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本文从三个方面概述了加强国际协作以促进海员健康的必要性及其主要的国际协作活动和发展过程。１．职业暴露：从事国际货运的海员约１２０万人，而近海运输、轮渡、客船工人及海上渔民为数更多。他们在船上工作期间，暴露于有害健康的职业环境中，包括：噪声、振动、高温或低温、气候带频繁变化、外来疾病、货物载运过程中的空气污染、运载有毒或危险物品等诸多因素。统计资料表明，海员的发病率虽不比岸上人群高，但外伤死亡率要数倍于其他职业人群。一般５起事故中，２起发生在甲板上，３起在机舱内。货船事故较集装箱船或客船高，小而旧船较大而新船高。２．国际协作活动：海员是世界上所有产业工人中最具有国际性的职业人群，有理由通过国际协作，促进和保护海员健康。自１９２１年以来，主要的国际协作活动有：国际劳工会议采用了第一次海洋会议提出的对年轻海员的体检要求；国际劳工组织（ＩＬＯ）和ＷＨＯ建立的海员健康联合委员会（１９４９），其后相继开展了关于船上药箱和无线电医学咨询（１９５４，１９５８）、牙齿保护、油船人员医学检查及水浸泡性低体温（１９６４，１９７３）等研究，并制定出版了《国际船舶医学指南》（１９６７初版、１９８８第二版、１９９３着手第３次修订）和《?
This article outlines the need to strengthen international cooperation to promote the health of seafarers and its major international collaborative activities and development process in three aspects. 1. Occupational exposure: Some 1.2 million seafarers are engaged in international shipping, while there are more coastal carriers, ferries, passenger ferry workers and marine fishermen. During their work on board, they are exposed to hazardous occupational conditions, including noise, vibration, high or low temperatures, frequent changes in climate, exogenous diseases, air pollution during cargo handling, carrying toxic or dangerous goods, and many other factors. Statistics show that the incidence of seafarers, although not higher than the shore crowd, but the traumatic mortality rate several times more than other occupational groups. Of the five accidents in general, two occurred on the deck and three in the cabin. The cargo ship accident is higher than that of a container ship or a passenger ship, but the old one is larger and the new one is tall. 2. International Collaboration Activities: Seafarers are the most internationally-based occupations among all industrial workers in the world and have reason to promote and protect seafarers’ health through international cooperation. Since 1921, major international cooperation activities have included the International Labor Conference adopting the medical examination requirements for young seafarers proposed by the first Ocean Conference; the Joint Commission on Marital Health established by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the WHO (1949) (1954, 1958), dental care, medical examination of oil tankers, and water-immersion hypothermia (1964, 1973) were successively carried out and the International Marine Medical Guideline 1967 first edition, 1988 second edition, 1993 embarked on the 3rd revision) and "?