论文部分内容阅读
神经肿瘤病理学的发展日新月益。历史上,在19世纪中期及末期出现的重大技术进步,包括第一台高质量显微镜的发展,人造染色剂的制造,有效的组织固定和包埋技术的发明,能够切割较薄组织切片的现代设计切片机的发展等,促成了第一次脑肿瘤分类的革命性变化。从此,神经肿瘤病理学得到了长足的进步,这是因为神经病理学家通常是早期接受新技术改革者中的最好代表。另外,促进神经肿瘤病理学发生革命性进展的方法还包括电子显微镜和免疫组织化学。该领域目前的革命性进步是分子学诊断。每一次科技进步的浪潮均推动肿瘤诊断、分类和预后研究的进步。诊断方法学的进步发现了很多以往无法识别的疾病类型。本文回顾性总结了现代神经病理学家广泛使用的全部方法,从最古老、最简单但仍被广泛应用的苏木精-伊红染色,到最新的通过cDNA基因芯片来进行胶质瘤的分子学分类法。
The development of neuro-tumor pathology is getting better and better. Historically, major technological advances that have taken place in the mid-to-late 19th century include the development of the first high-quality microscope, the manufacture of man-made stains, the effective invention of tissue fixation and embedding techniques, the ability to cut thin sections of tissue into modern Design slicer development, contributed to the first revolution in the classification of brain tumors. Since then, significant advances have been made in neuro-oncological pathology because neuropathologists are usually the best representatives of early adopters of new technologies. In addition, the methods that promote the revolutionary progress of neuro-tumor pathology include electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The current revolutionary advances in this area are molecular diagnostics. The tide of every scientific and technological progress promotes the progress of tumor diagnosis, classification and prognosis research. Advances in diagnostic methodologies have uncovered many types of diseases that were not previously identified. In this review, we retrospectively reviewed all the methods used extensively by modern neuropathologists from the oldest and most simple but still widely used hematoxylin-eosin staining to the latest molecular imaging of gliomas by cDNA microarray taxonomy.