德国艺术史家与美学家温克尔曼为欧洲18世纪的启蒙思想运动增添了艺术的位置,他为欧洲人重新发明了希腊艺术与文化传统,影响深远。本文探讨其生命与性格,并着重探讨了温克尔曼《古代艺术史》中“美与表现”这一核心问题,以及在这一问题上他与莱辛的分歧,并进一步指出温克尔曼的希腊主义理想,及其背后古今之争的时代背景。 Winkelman, a German art historian and esthetician, added an artistic position to the eighteenth century enlightenment movement in Europe, and he re-invented the Greek art and cultural traditions for Europeans, far reaching. This article explores its life and personality, and focuses on the core issue of “beauty and performance ” in Winkelman ’s “History of Ancient Art ”, as well as his disagreement with Lessing on this issue, and further pointed out that warm Kerman’s Greek ideal, and the historical background behind the dispute between ancient and modern.