文物在漫长的历史进程中受到人为因素和自然因素的作用,留下了种类繁多的污垢和印迹。有些表面污迹不仅是历史沧桑的见证物,同时也在破坏着文物的微结构,若不及时处理掉会损害文物珍贵的历史信息。~①文物的保护修复按照“最小干预”和“保持原貌”的原则,污染物一般最好不要清洗。~②但是,如果污染物已经影响了文物的展示效果或者对文物造成 In the long historical process, artifacts have been subjected to human and natural factors, leaving a wide range of dirt and prints. Some surface smudges are not only testimonials of historical vicissitudes, but also undermining the microstructure of cultural relics. If they are not disposed of promptly, they will jeopardize the precious historical information of cultural relics. ~ ① Protection and restoration of cultural relics In accordance with the principle of “minimum interference” and “maintaining the original appearance”, the pollutants are generally best not to be cleaned. However, if the pollutants have affected the display of cultural relics or caused cultural relics