社会主义计划体制最初是苏联采用的,之后进入中国,旨在帮助欠发达国家积累资本,推动重工业优先发展。出于多方面原因,到20世纪70年代,中苏两国的经济远远落后于更开放、更具竞争力的体制。然而,当1991年苏联和东欧的政权纷纷解体时,中国却自豪地宣称:它在1978年后取得了10%的年均增长率。哪些因素造就了如此不同的结局? The socialist planning system was initially adopted by the Soviet Union and then entered China to help less-developed countries accumulate capital and give priority to the development of heavy industry. For many reasons, by the 1970s, the economies of China and the Soviet Union lagged far behind the more open and competitive systems. However, when the regimes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe broke up in 1991, China proudly declared that it achieved an average annual growth rate of 10% after 1978. What factors have resulted in such a different outcome?