Ⅰ、序言 表面的化学组成对材料的性能起着重要作用。诸如硬度、摩擦、疲劳、润滑和磨损特性、吸附、表面活性、催化作用、表面扩散、晶体生长、二次电子及热电子发射特性等只是可列举出的一些受表面化学变化影响的特性或现象。在最近十年,随着表面分 I. Preface The chemical composition of the surface plays an important role in the properties of the material. Properties such as hardness, friction, fatigue, lubrication and wear characteristics, adsorption, surface activity, catalysis, surface diffusion, crystal growth, secondary electron and thermionic emission properties are but a few of the properties or phenomena that are affected by surface chemical changes . In the last ten years, with the surface points