现代政治较之古代并未摆脱统治权与其主体分离的事实,使得摄政至今仍不失其必要性。由此,现代民主政治就面临相同而更为复杂之问题:一旦以虚构的人民取代君主,民主国家势必缺乏统一的判断力与行动力,那么,新生人民是否需要摄政以及如何成长?英国对待摄政乃是采行立法,对功能加以理性化。理性化进一步体现为摄政为代表之历史原型。除了要担负起监护人民的摄政职能,代表还须建构和贯彻公共意志。孙中山洞察到“训政”的必要,却失于规范化考虑,仅从政治上层构建人民意志;共产党则扬弃训政为人民意志构建,从下层民众出发,先后担当起社会意志建构、民族意志建构以及现代化建设的先锋队,虽不乏波折,却是行进在理性化与规范化的道路之上。 Compared with the fact that modern politics did not get rid of the separation of the ruling power and its subject from the ancient times, the regency still has not lost its necessity. As a result, modern democratic politics face the same and more complicated issue: once the monarchs are replaced by the fictional ones, the democratic countries will inevitably lack uniform judgment and ability to act. Then, should the new people need regency and how to grow? It is to adopt legislation to rationalize its functions. Rationalization is further reflected as the historical prototype represented by the Regency. In addition to assuming the regency function of guardianship of the people, the representatives must also construct and implement the public will. However, Sun Yat-sen noticed the necessity of “training politics” but lost his standardization consideration and only built the will of the people from the political upper ground. The Communist Party abandoned the training of the government and built the will of the people. From the lower classes, the CPC assumed social will and construction. Although there is no shortage of twists and turns in the construction and modernization of the vanguard, it is on the path of rationalization and standardization.