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被称为“做中学”的样例学习在职业教育实践中存在着学生学习负担重、压力大、学习进步慢、效果差等问题。在复杂技能教学中改进样例模式的具体思路是采用自由目标取代明确的目标,使用增加子目标和附加说明的形式,实现多重信息的外部整合,降低学习者的认知负荷。同时注意采用交互式样例练习搭配方式,在样例学习中引入问题解决的要素,进一步提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。
The sample learning, which is called “learning by doing ” has some problems in the practice of vocational education such as heavy burden of study, pressure, slow learning, poor effect and so on. The specific idea of improving the sample pattern in the teaching of complex skills is to replace the explicit goal with the free goal, to use the sub-goal and the additional explanation form to achieve the external integration of multiple information and reduce the cognitive load of learners. At the same time pay attention to the use of interactive sample exercises with the way, in the sample learning to introduce the elements of problem-solving, to further improve the ability of students to analyze and solve problems.