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今年6月,日本农业的决策机构——农林水产省制定了《新的粮食、农业及农村政策》。该政策提出:集中土地培养“核心农户”,实行大规模农业经营,在农民中实行工资、休假制,加强农户的组织化和法人化,让市场机制更加充分地发挥作用。目前,农林水产省正在加紧制定具体政策和完善有关法律,并准备从1993年起实施这项政策。这是日本政府调整农业结构、振兴农业、实现农业政策大转变的一次重要改革。出台的背景这项面向2000年的农业政策的出台,主要有以下几方面原因:粮食自给率低 1990年日本的粮食自给率仅为47%,在发达国家中是最低的(法国143%,美国113%,原西德94%,英国73%)。日本的大米虽然全部实现自给,但日本大米的价格却是国际市场的5—10倍。
In June this year, the decision-making body of Japan’s agriculture - the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has formulated the “new policy on food, agriculture and rural areas.” The policy proposed: Focusing on land to cultivate “core peasants”, implementing large-scale agricultural operations, implementing wage and holiday systems among peasants, and strengthening the organization and legalization of peasants so that the market mechanism can play its full role. At present, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is stepping up efforts to formulate specific policies and improve relevant laws and is ready to implement this policy starting from 1993. This is an important reform by the Japanese government in the adjustment of its agricultural structure, the revitalization of agriculture and the great transformation of its agricultural policy. The introduction of this background for the introduction of agricultural policies for the year 2000, mainly for the following reasons: low food self-sufficiency in 1990 Japan’s food self-sufficiency rate was only 47%, the lowest in developed countries (143% in France, the United States 113%, former West Germany 94%, United Kingdom 73%). Although all of Japan’s rice self-sufficiency, but the price of Japanese rice is 5-10 times the international market.