目的:研究不同负荷长期跑台运动对大鼠腓肠肌中calpains及calpastatin表达的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组(不运动)和运动组,运动组又分为大负荷和小负荷组,这两组均进行3周、5周、7周和9周的不同负荷长期跑台运动。取大鼠右后肢腓肠肌,测定calpains及calpastatin mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:两种负荷运动后肌纤维均出现损伤和炎症反应,损伤程度两种负荷组类似,大负荷组炎症反应稍轻。m-calpain活性在大负荷和小负荷运动3周和5周后比对照组显著升高;-μcalpain活性在小负荷运动3周、5周和大负荷运动3周、5周和7周后比对照组显著下降。n-calpain活性运动后呈下降趋势,但与对照组相比,无显著性差异。μ-calpain和m-calpain的mRNA表达水平与对照组相比均无明显改变,n-calpain mRNA表达在小负荷运动3周和大负荷运动5后比对照组下降。结论:m-calpain与-μcalpain、n-calpain在运动后呈现不同的变化趋势,调节机制不尽相同,升高的m-calpain活性在运动性肌肉损伤过程中可能起到重要作用,长时间重复性运动可使m-calpain对运动产生适应。-μcalpain在长期跑台运动后并未表现出明显差异,n-calpain活性的下降及calpastatin活性的升高可能与肌肉损伤有关。 Objective: To study the effects of long-term treadmill exercise with different loads on calpains and calpastatin expression in gastrocnemius of rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into control group (no exercise) and exercise group. Exercise group was divided into high-load group and low-load group. Both groups were treated with different loads for 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 7 weeks and 9 weeks Treadmill. The right hindlimb gastrocnemius was used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of calpains and calpastatin. Results: Injury and inflammation were observed in both muscle fibers after exercise. The degree of injury was similar in both groups. The inflammation in the large group was slightly lighter. The activity of m-calpain was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3 weeks and 5 weeks after exercise with heavy load and light load, respectively. The activity of μ-calpain was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3 weeks, 5 weeks and 3 weeks, The control group decreased significantly. n-calpain activity decreased after exercise, but compared with the control group, no significant difference. The mRNA expression levels of μ-calpain and m-calpain had no significant changes compared with the control group. The expression of n-calpain mRNA decreased in the control group after 3-week exercise and 5-month exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The changes of m-calpain and -calpain and n-calpain show different trends after exercise, and the regulatory mechanisms are different. Increased m-calpain activity may play an important role in the process of exercise-induced muscle injury, and prolonged repetition Sexual exercise can make m-calpain adapt to exercise. -miccalpain did not show any significant difference after long-term treadmill exercise, the decrease of n-calpain activity and the increase of calpastatin activity may be related to muscle injury.