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女真是我国东北古代的一个民族。五代时,契丹人称黑水靺鞨为女真,从此,女真这一名称代替了靺鞨。明初到明中叶,东北广大地区的女真人分为建州、海西、东海三部。最初,建州女真分布于今牡丹江、绥芬河及长白山一带；海西女真分布于今松花江流域；东海女真则散居在黑龙江及库页岛一带。早期他们以渔猎或狩猎为生,是一个擅长骑马射箭的民族。
Jurchen is an ancient nation in northeast China. Five Dynasties, the Khitan people called black water 靺 鞨 for the Jurchen, since then, the name of Jurchen instead of 靺 鞨. In the early Ming Dynasty to the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen people in vast areas of Northeast China were divided into three parts: Jianzhou, Hercynian and the East China Sea. Initially, Jianzhou Jurchen distribution in this Mudanjiang, Suifenhe and Changbai Mountain area; Hercynian Jurchen distribution in the Songhua River Basin; the East China Sea Jurchen is scattered in Heilongjiang and Sakhalin area. Early fishing or hunting for their living, they are good at riding a nation of archery.