一、危险性电离辐射通过活组织可引起广泛损害,由于人们感觉不到辐射存在,甚至高强度辐射也感觉不到,因而特别危险。已知居里大概是最早受到辐射烧伤(‘radiation burn’)的人,X射线的早期实验者,不久就了解到这种电离辐射的有害性质。据估计,至1922年约有100名X线放射学家死于直接接触X射线,也是从那时起,提出安全防护的一些规定,后来收集了关于放射性物质许多危害性的证据。例如: I. HAZARD Ionizing radiation can cause extensive damage through living tissue and is particularly dangerous because people do not feel the presence of radiation and even high-intensity radiation does not feel it. It is known that Curie was probably the earliest person to have been exposed to ’radiation burn’ and early experimenters of X-rays soon learned about the detrimental nature of this ionizing radiation. It has also been estimated that about 100 X-ray radiologists died of direct contact with X-rays by 1922, and since then have also introduced some provisions on safety and security and later collected evidence of many of the dangers of radioactive material. E.g: