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本文围绕帝国主义瓜分非洲问题的争论,分析了“外交战略论”、“地区危机论”和“经济帝国主义论”的偏颇得失。结合欧洲列强瓜分非洲的具体背景和史实,文章着重探讨了帝国主义在19世纪末20世纪初瓜分非洲的原因。提出资本主义经济发展的需求是帝国主义瓜分非洲的主要动力。这种需求既来自欧洲列强工业主义扩张的压力,也来自1873年世界性资本主义经济危机的压力。此外,19世纪70年代欧洲大陆政治力量发展的不平衡、社会达尔文主义思潮的流行和工业主义的进步等因素也不容忽视。总之,帝国主义瓜分非洲这一历史事件是“合力”作用的结果。
Based on the debate over the question of Africa being divided by the imperialists, this paper analyzes the biases of “Diplomatic Strategy ”, “Theory of Regional Crisis ” and “Economic Empireism ”. Combined with the specific background and historical facts of the European powers that divide Africa, the article focuses on the reasons for the carving up of Africa by the imperialists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The demand for the development of capitalist economy is the main impetus for the division of Africa by the imperialists. This demand stems not only from the pressure of the expansion of European industrialism but also from the global economic crisis of 1873. In addition, the uneven development of political forces in the mainland of Europe in the 1870s, the prevalence of social Darwinian ideology and the progress of industrialism should not be overlooked. In short, the historical event of the partition of Africa by the imperialists is the result of the “joint force.”