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一,何谓启蒙。何谓启蒙,启蒙一词,最早见于德国哲学家康德在1784年11月发表的题为《什么是启蒙》。在康德看来,启蒙就是人们对原有的自己的一种状态的摆脱和超越。人们不满意自己的一种不成熟的状态,缺乏必要的理性和勇气去摆脱这种状态,要摆脱这种状态总是要借助于他人的力量,自己的知性也不能充分的得到发挥。所以,康德明确提出口号:勇于使用自己的理性。紧接着法国哲学家福柯就发表了明确讨论启蒙的
First, what is enlightenment. What is enlightenment, the word enlightenment, first seen in the German philosopher Kant published in November 1784 entitled “What is Enlightenment.” In Kant’s opinion, enlightenment is the people’s liberation and surpassing of one’s original state. People are not satisfied with their own state of immaturity, lack the necessary reason and courage to get rid of this state, and to get out of this state always resorts to the power of others and their own intellectual ability can not be fully exploited. Therefore, Kant made a clear slogan: the courage to use their own reason. Immediately after the French philosopher Foucault published a clear discussion of enlightenment