中华人民共和国成立以来,对西北的开发建设,始终是一个事关全局的战略问题。从20世纪50年代初至70年代,西北出现了两次开发的高潮。第一次是50年代以“一五”计划为中心的新工业基地建设,第二次是60年代中期到70年代进行的三线建设。这两次经济开发以“有计划、按比例发展”作为社会主义的重要经济规律,在强调国民经济综合平衡、部门平衡的同时,贯穿了以毛泽东为核心的第一代领导集体的主导思想:区域均衡发展战略。两次西北开发成就斐然,但也存在一些问题。 Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the development and construction of the northwest has always been a strategic issue concerning the overall situation. From the early 1950s to the 1970s, two upsurges of development took place in the northwest. The first was the construction of a new industrial base centering on the “First Five-Year Plan” in the 1950s and the second was the third-line construction from the mid-1960s to the 1970s. These two economic developments have taken “planned and proportionate development” as the important economic law of socialism. While emphasizing the overall balance of the national economy and the sectoral balance, they have run through the dominant ideology of the first generation of leading collectives with Mao Zedong as the core: Regional balanced development strategy. Two successful Northwest Development, but there are also some problems.