一 近代的日本,开始是通过翻译学习外国的文章接触西方文化的。由于过去日本长期实行闭关锁国的政策,也就是说不向西方学习,对世界上的变化充耳不闻,这对实现现代文明及追赶其他先进国家起了阻碍作用。这就使我们意识到完全有必要学习西方文化。因此,我们的祖先对学习西方的文化和语言表现出了极大的热情的积极性。 幕府末期社会动荡不安,于是出现了幕府末期的“洋学”。所谓“洋学”,就是查找翻译西方读物的一种机关。会外国语的官员们,看了新到的外国杂志和书籍,把它翻译过来并归纳出其中的要点。幕府的高级官员们则通过翻译过来的文章和读物去分析世界形势及学习外国的新鲜事物。实际上,在日本最初出现的近代报纸,即被人们称为“官方印度尼西亚报”的,就是把用印度语发行的荷兰报纸再翻译成日本语。特别是报刊杂志类,其本质上就是介绍海外的新闻。幕府末期的洋学堂,从明治维新后改成了“开成学校”。这样一来,这类学校就更力前进了一大步,成立了著名的东京大学。在东京大学,把日本的国学及近代的小说、翻译学溶为一体,担负着国家的重任,这就是这所学府的特征,学者们都持之以恒地从外国函购各种书籍。这些书籍寄到日本后,再把它翻译过来进行广泛的宣传。当时,在日本,被称为“有学 In a modern day Japan, it started with the translation of foreign articles to learn about western culture. In the past, Japan’s long-standing policy of closing its door to lock-in, that is, not learning from the West and turning a deaf ear to the changes in the world, has hindered the realization of modern civilization and the pursuit of other advanced countries. This makes us realize that it is absolutely necessary to study Western culture. Therefore, our ancestors showed great enthusiasm for learning Western culture and language. The late Shogunate social instability, so there was the late shogunate “foreign learning.” The so-called “foreign learning”, is to find an organ of translation of Western books. Officials who speak foreign languages ​​read new foreign magazines and books, translate it and summarize the key points. Senior officials in the shogunate use the translated articles and readings to analyze the world situation and learn about foreign things. In fact, the first modern newspaper in Japan, known as the “official Indonesian newspaper,” was to translate Dutch newspapers in Hindi into Japanese. In particular, newspapers and magazines, its essence is to introduce overseas news. The late Tokugawa foreign school, from the Meiji Restoration into a “school.” As a result, such schools have made even greater progress and established the famous University of Tokyo. At Tokyo University, it is characteristic of this university that Japanese studies in Japan and modern novels and translation studies are integrated, taking the heavy responsibility of the country. Scholars have persistently purchased various books from foreign countries. When these books are sent to Japan, they are translated for extensive publicity. At that time, in Japan, it was called "Learning