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集中供热的最大优点是能源节约潜力大,燃料综合利用率高。在石油与天然气资源日益枯竭而不敷应用的今天和未来,这一优点现在正倍受能源资源短缺的欧美诸国(尤其是严重依赖石油与天然气进口而饱尝能源危机之苦的一些国家)的重视。如今,集中供热,特别是热电联产双能量的利用,已经成为欧美诸国为节约能源,提高燃料利用率,以煤(核)代油(气),减少石油与天然气的需求,谋求政治与经济的平衡,以及治理环境污染的有效途径之一。为此,本文将从节约能源的角度出发,涉论近十年来欧美诸国集中供热(主要是热电联产技术)的发展及其应用。文中着重探讨集中供热技术的发展原因,介绍集中供热在技术与经济上应予考虑的若干问题,并简叙欧美集中供热的历史与现状、欧美集中供热发展不平衡的一些主要因素及其未来的发展趋向等。
The biggest advantage of central heating is energy saving potential, high comprehensive utilization of fuel. Today and in the future, as oil and gas resources are depleting and depleting, this advantage is now being met by a disproportionate number of countries in Europe and the United States that suffer from a shortage of energy resources (especially those countries that have relied heavily on the oil and gas imports to experience the energy crisis) Pay attention. Nowadays, the use of central heating, especially the co-generation of cogeneration, has become a hot issue for both Europe and the United States to save their energy, improve fuel efficiency, reduce the need for oil and gas by using coal (nuclear) instead of oil and natural gas, and seek political And economic balance, as well as an effective way to control environmental pollution. To this end, this article will start from the perspective of energy conservation, involving the development and application of central heating (mainly CHP) in Europe and the United States in the past decade. This paper focuses on the development of central heating technology, introduces some technical and economic aspects of central heating that should be considered, and briefly reviews the history and current status of central heating in Europe and the United States. Some major factors that have contributed to the uneven development of central heating in Europe and the United States And its future development trends.