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目的通过对济南市涉禽环境禽流感病毒监测,了解H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒在外环境分布情况,为禽流感的防控提供科学依据。方法 2015年按季度采集济南市3类涉禽场所不同种类环境样本1 260份,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒核酸,使用Epi Info统计分析数据。结果甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,Flu A)在活禽农贸市场和大型家禽养殖场阳性率分别为29.67%和2.86%,集中散养户未检出Flu A,3类场所检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=55.77,P<0.001)。活禽农贸市场H9和H5亚型检出率分别为16.11%和6.67%,未检出H7亚型,3种亚型检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.18,P<0.001)。Flu A在案板涂抹物、清洗禽类污水、禽类饮水、笼具涂抹物和禽粪检出率分别为50.00%、37.90%、20.66%、13.21%和13.11%,不同种类标本Flu A的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=54.69,P<0.001)。采样季度对Flu A检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.53,P>0.05)。结论济南市环境中存在H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒,以H9亚型为主;活禽农贸市场是感染禽流感的危险场所。应加大对活禽农贸市场的消毒力度,加强对禽流感病毒的持续监测。
Objective To monitor the outbreak of H5, H7 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses in the environment by monitoring the avian influenza virus in wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods A total of 1 260 samples of different types of environmental samples from 3 types of Wicked Wharf in Jinan City were collected on a quarterly basis in 2015. The nucleic acid of the bird flu virus was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method. Epi Info was used to analyze the data. Results The positive rates of Influenza A virus (Flu A) in live poultry farmer’s market and large-scale poultry farm were 29.67% and 2.86%, respectively. Flu A was not detected in concentrated farmer households, and the detection rate of three kinds of places was different There was statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 55.77, P <0.001). The detection rates of H9 and H5 subtypes in live poultry farmers market were 16.11% and 6.67%, respectively. There was no detectable H7 subtype, the detection rates of three subtypes were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 18.18, P <0.001) . The detection rate of Flu A in the application board, cleaning of bird sewage, drinking water of poultry, cage coating and poultry manure were 50.00%, 37.90%, 20.66%, 13.21% and 13.11% respectively. The detection rate of different Flu Flu The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 54.69, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of Flu A between sampling quarters (χ ~ 2 = 0.53, P> 0.05). Conclusion There are H5 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses in the environment of Jinan, mainly H9 subtypes; live poultry farmers market is a dangerous place for bird flu infection. We should step up disinfection of live poultry farmers markets and strengthen the continuous monitoring of the bird flu virus.