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自然科学和伦理学的观察实验之不同,表现为两个方面。一方面,自然科学对象具有数学规律的结构,因而其观察和实验具有数学的精确性,是能够用数学表达的,是“精密的观察和实验”。反之,伦理学的对象并不具有数学规律的结构,因而其观察和实验不可能具有数学的精确性,是“非精密的观察和实验”。另一方面,伦理学的最为根本的对象是人性,说到底,是人心:自爱心与爱人心等等。因此,伦理学的观察和实验可以是一种对于自己的心理进行观察的“内省法”或“体验法”。反之,对于自然科学的对象的研究显然不可能使用“内省法”或“体验法”。
Natural science and ethics of the observation of different experiments, manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, the object of natural science has the structure of mathematical law, so the observation and experiment have the mathematical accuracy, which can be expressed mathematically, and is the “precise observation and experiment.” On the contrary, the object of ethics does not have the structure of mathematical law, so its observation and experiment can not have mathematical accuracy, is “imperfect observation and experiment ”. On the other hand, the most fundamental object of ethics is human nature, after all, is the people’s heart: self-love and love and so on. Therefore, the observation and experiment of ethics can be a “method of introspection” or “method of experience” for observing one’s own psychology. On the contrary, it is obviously impossible to use “introspection” or “experiential methods” for the study of natural science objects.