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从遗产学意义而言,戏剧是文化遗产认同与传承的重要形态。西方戏剧从酒神祭祀缘起,经“模仿说”再到后现代将戏剧奉为打破现代文明的精神仪式,体现出死亡/再生、权威/解放、理性/感性的对抗与循环。中国戏剧的仪式传统未曾断裂,神圣/世俗、天道/伦理、观念/实践的转换与交融使戏剧极具张力,呈现为延绵、多元的传承。文章在人类学层面对中西方戏剧的知识谱系进行梳理,在比较文化视野中凸显中国戏剧作为乡土社会之公共文化生活所蕴含的地方性知识与文化实践。中国戏剧以其独有的形态、品质、功能与体系,成为世界独树一帜的文化遗产。
From the sense of heritage, drama is an important form of cultural heritage recognition and inheritance. Western drama originated from the cult of the god of the gods. After the “imitation theory” and then “postmodernism”, the drama was regarded as the spiritual ceremony to break the modern civilization. It reflected the confrontation and cycle of death / regeneration, authority / liberation and rationality / sensibility. The tradition of Chinese theater has not broken down. The sacred / secular, heavenly / ethical and conceptual / practical transformation and blending make the drama extremely tension-presenting as a continuation and diversity. The article sorts out the pedigree of Chinese and western drama from the perspective of anthropology and highlights Chinese drama as the local knowledge and cultural practice in the public cultural life of the local community from a comparative cultural perspective. With its unique form, quality, function and system, Chinese drama has become a unique cultural heritage in the world.