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水汽的凝结是云冈石窟壁面水分的来源之一。研究水汽转化特征和石窟山体的水汽环境变化特征,对石窟文物的保护具有重要意义。本文阐述了水汽转化的基本原理,并针对石窟环境提出了凝结水的观测方法。通过在5号和9号洞窟布置监测系统,配合凝结水的观测,发现在夏季7、8月份云冈石窟内室存在水汽凝结的条件,单个凝结期可以持续数小时乃至数日。凝结期吸湿速率比非凝结期大0.017～0.054mm/h。窟内水汽环境变化与山体水汽环境的变化存在着相互作用。钻孔监测表明山体包气带基本处于水汽饱和状态,深部气温稳定在9～10℃之间,存在驱动空气对流的气压梯度。
Water vapor condensation is one of the sources of water on the wall of Yungang Grottoes. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of water vapor transformation and the variation of water vapor environment in the grottoes. This paper describes the basic principle of water vapor conversion, and proposes a method for the observation of condensed water for the environment of the grottoes. By arranging the monitoring system in No.5 and No.9 caves and observing the condensation water, it is found that there is vapor condensation in the inner chamber of Yungang Grottoes in July and August in summer, and the single coagulation period can last for several hours or even several days. The moisture absorption rate during the coagulation phase is 0.017 ~ 0.054mm / h higher than that of the non-coagulation phase. There is interaction between the change of water vapor environment in the cave and the change of the mountain water vapor environment. Drilling monitoring shows that the mountain gas-bearing zone is basically saturated with water vapor and the temperature in the deep area is stable at 9-10 ° C. There is an air pressure gradient that drives the air convection.