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膀胱癌在男、女肿瘤发病率中分别居第7位和第17位,男女之比为5∶1~([1])。全球每年约14500人死于膀胱癌~([2])。尿路上皮癌(又称移行细胞癌)是膀胱癌中最常见的组织学类型,约占膀胱癌总发病人数的90%。尿路上皮癌往往被分为两种类型:非浸润性膀胱癌和突破固有肌层的浸润性膀胱癌~([3])。非浸润性膀胱癌一般不威胁生命,表现为乳头状和多灶性生长,因此,能够通过经尿道电切术(简称TUR)、膀胱内化学药物灌注以及膀胱内卡介苗灌注等方法治疗,并保留患者的膀胱。但是,非浸润性膀
Bladder cancer ranks the 7th and 17th respectively in the incidence of male and female cancers, with a ratio of 5 to 1 ([1]). Approximately 14,500 people worldwide die of bladder cancer each year ~ ([2]). Urothelial carcinoma (also known as transitional cell carcinoma) is the most common histological type of bladder cancer, accounting for about 90% of the total incidence of bladder cancer. Urothelial carcinomas are often classified into two types: non-invasive bladder cancer and invasive bladder cancer that break through the muscularis propria (3). Non-invasive bladder cancer is generally life-threatening, exhibits papillary and multifocal growth and can therefore be treated by transurethral resection (TUR), intravesical chemotherapy, and intravesical BCG infusion and remains The patient’s bladder. However, non-invasive bladder