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收集整理1979~2008年中国长期施肥试验文献,提取和整合了这些长期施肥试验中农田表土有机碳的资料.采用有效文献涉及中国大陆23个省区的70个长期试验点(其中旱地42个,水田28个),涵盖16种土壤类型.总样本481个(旱地346个,水田135个).将施肥处理分为6种类型:N:无机氮肥;NP:无机氮磷肥配施;NPK:无机氮磷钾肥配施;O:单施有机肥;OF:有机无机肥配施和其他非平衡施肥(如单施磷或钾,磷钾配施和氮钾配施等).按农田土壤总体和区分旱地与水田两种农业利用类型,分别统计分析一种施肥处理下表土有机碳含量相对于特定试验对照的变化特征.结果表明,这些长期试验不同施肥处理下农田表土有机碳在时间上成总体上升趋势,旱地和水田表土有机碳年均变化量分别介于?0.14~0.60和?0.12~0.70g·kg?1·a?1之间,年均增量分别为0.13和0.19g/kg.水田增长高于旱地.不同长期试验地点间施肥处理下,农田表土有机碳含量积累趋势相似,而且与单施氮肥和化肥相比,有机施肥和化肥配合平衡施肥普遍较大幅度提高了土壤有机碳积累速率.尽管随着试验持续时间的延长,土壤有机碳增幅存在下降趋势,但良好施肥的固碳效应在旱地土壤中可持续15年以上,在稻田可持续20年以上,且其技术效应的幅度仍然十分明显.因此,良好施肥管理的推广可以作为促进中国农田生产力和土壤长期固碳潜力的重要技术途径.
Collecting and sorting out the literature on long-term fertilization experiments in China from 1979 to 2008, and extracting and integrating the data of organic carbon in topsoil of these fields in long-term fertilization experiments.According to the available literature about 70 long-term test sites in 23 provinces and autonomous regions in China (including 42 drylands, 28 paddy fields), covering 16 soil types with a total of 481 samples (346 in dry land and 135 in paddy fields). Fertilization treatments were divided into 6 types: N: inorganic nitrogen fertilizer; NP: inorganic NPK; NPK: inorganic O: single application of organic manure; OF: organic and inorganic fertilizer application and other non-balanced fertilization (such as single application of phosphorus or potassium, phosphorus and potassium fertilization and nitrogen and potassium application, etc.) Differentiate the two types of agricultural utilization in dryland and paddy field, and statistically analyze the variation of organic carbon content in topsoil under specific fertilization treatments with respect to the specific experimental control.The results show that the total organic carbon in topsoil The average annual variation of organic carbon in upland, dry land and paddy soil ranged from-0.14 to 0.60 and from-0.12 to 0.70 g · kg-1 · a-1, respectively, with an average annual increment of 0.13 and 0.19 g / kg, respectively. Paddy field is higher than the dry land. Fertilization treatment between different long-term test sites , Organic carbon accumulation in topsoil of farmland tends to be similar, and compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the balanced application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers generally greatly increased the rate of soil organic carbon accumulation.Although with the extension of test duration, However, the carbon sequestration effect of good fertilization can be sustained for more than 15 years in dryland soil and more than 20 years in paddy field, and the extent of its technical effects is still very obvious. Therefore, the promotion of good fertilization management can be used as Promote China’s farmland productivity and soil long-term carbon sequestration potential of the important technical ways.