目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者中机会性感染的临床特点及巨细胞病毒(cytomegaoviyns,CMV)感染的相关危险因素.方法:选取南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)2004-03/2015-04收治的87例U C患者为研究对象,对其临床特征、内镜表现、病理学特征以及实验室检查进行总结分析,根据患者是否合并CMV感染将其分为阳性组和阴性组,并对其危险因素进行总结分析.结果:87例UC患者中,CMV阳性12例,艰难梭状芽孢杆菌5例,口腔念珠菌感染3例,卡氏肺孢子虫感染2例.患者病程中白细胞减低、全结肠炎、近2 mo使用激素、非甾体类抗炎药(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDS)、抗生素是CMV的独立危险因素,CMV阳性的患者中近2 mo使用质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor,PPI)的比率大于CMV阴性组,但差异没有统计学意义.结论:UC患者中容易并发CMV、艰难梭状芽孢杆菌、口腔念珠菌病、卡氏肺孢子虫等机会性感染.UC病程中出现白细胞减低、全结肠炎、近2 mo使用激素、NSAIDs、抗生素是CMV感染的独立危险因素. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of opportunistic infections and the related risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) .Methods: Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hospital) from March 2004 to April 2015, 87 patients with UC were enrolled in this study. Their clinical features, endoscopic features, pathological features and laboratory tests were analyzed. According to whether the patients had CMV infection or not, they were divided into positive Group and negative group.Results: In 87 UC patients, CMV was positive in 12 cases, Clostridium difficile in 5 cases, oral candidiasis in 3 cases, Pneumocystis carinii infection in 2 cases . Patients with leukopenia, total colitis, hormones and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for nearly 2 months, antibiotics were independent risk factors for CMV, CMV-positive patients 2 mo used proton pump inhibitor (proton pump inhibitor, PPI) ratio was higher than the CMV negative group, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: UC patients complicated with CMV, Clostridium difficile, Candida albicans Card Pneumocystis carinii and other opportunistic infections .UC course of leukocyte reduction occurs, all colitis, nearly 2 mo steroids, NSAIDs, antibiotics are independent risk factors for CMV infection.